A Coordinated Electric System Interconnection Review—the utility’s deep-dive on technical and cost impacts of your project.

Generator Protection Relays
Detect overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, undercurrent, loss of field/excitation, and more. These relays form the first line of defense.

Generator Circuit Breaker (GCB)
A high-speed device that disconnects the generator from the grid during faults. It plays a critical role in preventing grid-wide disturbances.

Differential Relays
These monitor differences between input and output currents to detect internal generator faults.

Distance and Directional Relays
Provide backup protection by measuring impedance and direction of power flow to detect abnormal conditions.

Transformer Protection Relays
These protect against overcurrent, undervoltage, temperature rise, and other abnormal conditions.

Differential Relays
Detect internal winding faults and isolate the affected section before damage escalates.

Overvoltage and Frequency Relays
Prevent damage due to surges or abnormal grid frequency by disconnecting the transformer during unsafe events.

Temperature Monitors
Overheating is a common failure mode. Integrated temperature sensing with relays can trigger alarms or shutdowns.

Scheme Type	Function
Differential Protection	Detects internal faults by comparing current
Distance Protection	Measures impedance to detect line faults
Restricted Earth Fault (REF)	Detects ground faults within protected zones
Overcurrent Protection	Trips under excessive current conditions
Breaker Failure Scheme	Ensures backup isolation if breaker fails

In 1995, Sonny Patel earned his Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Illinois. But degrees don't build legacies — action does.

For three decades, he has worked the power industry from every side of the table: 16 years as a utility engineer at Exelon/Commonwealth Edison; generation leadership across hydroelectric, industrial steam turbine, and a 9 GW renewable fleet; NERC Regional Entity Senior Compliance Engineer and Audit Team Lead, auditing some of the nation's largest utilities; and testing and commissioning lead on equipment up to 765 kV — the very top of the North American grid.Utility. Generator. Regulator. Consultant. Few engineers have seen all four seats. Fewer still have sat in them.

His experience spans nuclear, hydro, conventional generation, renewables, oil and gas, mining — and today's data centers, where he is authoring a three-book series on data center design. He is a Licensed Professional Engineer in six states and a Licensed Electrical Contractor in Florida (Unlimited EC) — he doesn't just design the work; he's qualified to stand behind its execution.Today, as Founder and CEO of Keentel Engineering, Sonny leads a nationwide team of engineers delivering substation design, power system studies, NERC compliance, and commissioning — done right, coast to coast.Three decades. Every side of the table. One standard: accountable engineering.

In 1995, Sonny Patel earned his Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Illinois. But degrees don't build legacies — action does.

Utility. Generator. Regulator. Consultant. Few engineers have seen all four seats. Fewer still have sat in them.

Today, as Founder and CEO of Keentel Engineering, Sonny leads a nationwide team of engineers delivering substation design, power system studies, NERC compliance, and commissioning — done right, coast to coast.Three decades. Every side of the table. One standard: accountable engineering.