A Coordinated Electric System Interconnection Review—the utility’s deep-dive on technical and cost impacts of your project.

Point-of-Interconnection (POI) Support Case Studies

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April 29, 2025|Blog

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Connecting large-scale generation and storage projects to regional transmission grids demands deep expertise, seamless ISO coordination, and bullet-proof engineering deliverables. Keentel Engineering has supported clients across PJM, ERCOT, WECC and NYISO with end-to-end Point-of-Interconnection (POI) services—from feasibility studies and dynamic modeling to protection scheme design and final energization. Our proven approach minimizes RFIs, accelerates commercial operation dates, and ensures first-time ISO acceptance, making us the go-to partner for renewable, storage, and hybrid projects seeking reliable, compliant transmission access.


Case Study 1: PJM 230 kV POI Interconnection for 250 MW Solar + Storage

Client: Confidential Renewable Developer

Scope: Full POI engineering for a 250 MW solar PV + BESS interconnection to a 230 kV PJM transmission line.

Services Provided:

  • PJM Feasibility, System Impact (SIS) & Facilities studies review
  • PSSE v35 dynamic and short-circuit model development per PJM modeling guide
  • Reactive capability verification at the POI
  • One-line diagrams, relay protection schemes & switching plans
  • Relay setting design for PRC-019, PRC-024 & PRC-025 compliance

Key Challenges:


  • Tight voltage regulation and transient stability criteria from PJM TOs
  • Aggressive coordination schedule with PJM and neighboring utilities

Results:


  • PJM accepted all dynamic & short-circuit models on first submission
  • Facilities Study finalized ahead of plan—mitigating COD risk
  • POI energized & commissioned successfully on first attempt
  • Keentel named preferred POI partner for future PJM projects

Case Study 2: ERCOT 345 kV POI Support for 300 MW Wind Expansion

Client: Confidential Wind Developer

Scope: POI interconnection of a 300 MW wind farm expansion into the ERCOT 345 kV network under the ERCOT Resource Interconnection Handbook (RIN).

Services Provided:

  • PSSE model creation & TSAT dynamic-model validation to ERCOT DWG requirements
  • Steady-state, dynamic stability & short-circuit data packages
  • RFI responses and coordination with ERCOT Planning & TSP
  • Protection package design per ERCOT Nodal Operating Guide Sec. 2
  • ICCP point-mapping for telemetry compliance

Key Challenges:


  • ERCOT’s fast-frequency-response (FFR) validation under evolving grid conditions
  • Integrating legacy and new turbine models in a unified hybrid-code base

Results:


  • Zero RFI follow-ups after initial package review—a rare achievement
  • Dynamic-model certification granted ahead of schedule
  • Client entered ERCOT market on time, with no penalties or delays

Case Study 3: WECC 230 kV POI for 150 MW PV + 75 MW/300 MWh BESS Hybrid

Client: Confidential Renewable Developer

Scope: POI interconnection engineering for a 225 MW hybrid solar + BESS project into WECC’s 230 kV transmission.

Services Provided:

  • Dynamic models (PSSE & PSCAD) per WECC Modeling & Validation Subcommittee (MVWG) standards
  • Harmonic analysis & Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) risk assessment
  • Electromagnetic transient (EMT) studies on inverter switching impacts
  • SCADA/RTU signal list development & point-to-point testing support

Key Challenges:


  • WECC’s rigorous review of IBR models and fast-transient behavior
  • SSR studies necessity due to series-compensated transmission lines

Results:


  • EMT modeling report approved without major comments
  • Achieved full PRC-024, PRC-019 & PRC-027 compliance
  • Preemptive modeling saved client millions in potential cost overruns

Case Study 4: NYISO 138 kV POI Interconnection for 120 MW Wind Farm

Client: Confidential Wind Developer

Scope: End-to-end POI interconnection for a 120 MW wind farm tying into 138 kV NYISO system under the NYISO Generator Interconnection Process (GIP).

Services Provided:

  • PSSE steady-state & dynamic models per NYISO submission requirements
  • Technical appendices for FERC LGIA (Appendix C – Facilities Study)
  • Protection coordination plan aligned with NYISO & TO philosophies
  • Short-circuit contribution review & relay coordination studies

Key Challenges:


  • NYISO’s stringent voltage & frequency ride-through criteria
  • Complex stakeholder coordination among the developer, NYISO, and TO

Results:


  • First-round acceptance of full model submittal—no resubmissions required
  • Finalized Interconnection Agreement terms without material changes
  • Substation build-out and energization completed on original timeline
  • Client engaged Keentel for ongoing O&M engineering support

Discover more about our Generation Interconnection Support Services for ISO-wide POI expertise.

Ready to Accelerate Your POI Connection?

Contact Keentel Engineering today for end-to-end Point-of-Interconnection support—feasibility studies, dynamic modeling, protection design, and final energization.


A smiling man with glasses and a beard wearing a blue blazer stands in front of server racks in a data center.

About the Author:

Sandip "Sonny" R. Patel, P.E.

IEEE Senior Member · Founder & CEO, Keentel Engineering

In 1995, Sonny Patel earned his Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Illinois. But degrees don't build legacies — action does.

For three decades, he has worked the power industry from every side of the table: 16 years as a utility engineer at Exelon/Commonwealth Edison; generation leadership across hydroelectric, industrial steam turbine, and a 9 GW renewable fleet; NERC Regional Entity Senior Compliance Engineer and Audit Team Lead, auditing some of the nation's largest utilities; and testing and commissioning lead on equipment up to 765 kV — the very top of the North American grid.Utility. Generator. Regulator. Consultant. Few engineers have seen all four seats. Fewer still have sat in them.

His experience spans nuclear, hydro, conventional generation, renewables, oil and gas, mining — and today's data centers, where he is authoring a three-book series on data center design. He is a Licensed Professional Engineer in six states and a Licensed Electrical Contractor in Florida (Unlimited EC) — he doesn't just design the work; he's qualified to stand behind its execution.Today, as Founder and CEO of Keentel Engineering, Sonny leads a nationwide team of engineers delivering substation design, power system studies, NERC compliance, and commissioning — done right, coast to coast.Three decades. Every side of the table. One standard: accountable engineering.

Four workers in safety vests and helmets stand with arms crossed near wind turbines.

Let's Discuss Your Project

Let's book a call to discuss your electrical engineering project that we can help you with.

Man in a blazer and open shirt, looking at the camera, against a blurred background.

About the Author:

Sandip "Sonny" R. Patel, P.E.

IEEE Senior Member · Founder & CEO, Keentel Engineering

In 1995, Sonny Patel earned his Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Illinois. But degrees don't build legacies — action does.

For three decades, he has worked the power industry from every side of the table: 16 years as a utility engineer at Exelon/Commonwealth Edison; generation leadership across hydroelectric, industrial steam turbine, and a 9 GW renewable fleet; NERC Regional Entity Senior Compliance Engineer and Audit Team Lead, auditing some of the nation's largest utilities; and testing and commissioning lead on equipment up to 765 kV — the very top of the North American grid.

Utility. Generator. Regulator. Consultant. Few engineers have seen all four seats. Fewer still have sat in them.

His experience spans nuclear, hydro, conventional generation, renewables, oil and gas, mining — and today's data centers, where he is authoring a three-book series on data center design. He is a Licensed Professional Engineer in six states and a Licensed Electrical Contractor in Florida (Unlimited EC) — he doesn't just design the work; he's qualified to stand behind its execution.

Today, as Founder and CEO of Keentel Engineering, Sonny leads a nationwide team of engineers delivering substation design, power system studies, NERC compliance, and commissioning — done right, coast to coast.Three decades. Every side of the table. One standard: accountable engineering.

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